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J Clin Immunol 31(6):11201130

Its activity is controlled by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, with UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1)-mediated phosphorylation critical for recruiting damaged mitochondria and initiating mitophagy (Zhu et al., 2022)

IP administration creates rapid systemic spikes and clearance, triggering acute stress-response pathways

The substantial weight reduction observed with tirzepatide monotherapy (15-21% body weight in clinical trials) suggests that any perceived benefits likely reflect tirzepatide's pharmacological effects rather than synergistic action

The role of PDE5 inhibitors in hemeoxygenase-cGMP relationship in rat cavernous tissues