[*] Signal Transduction Pathways: Receptor binding initiates signal transduction pathways within the somatotroph cells
When administered at therapeutic levels, APAP is primarily metabolized via the glucuronidation pathway, producing non-toxic metabolites that the liver and kidneys can further process (Chiew and Isbister 2023)
A pathology research observed inflammation, fibrosis, reduced tear secretion and decreased level of GLP-1R in the lacrimal gland of diabetic dry eye
But an in-vitro finding (cells in a lab dish) does not automatically translate to the same effect in a living human body
Lignans, a class of polyphenols derived from the amino acid phenylalanine found in flaxseeds and other grains, demonstrate robust antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, counteracting inflammation and oxidative stress within the body [84, 85]