From the genetics angle, there are some pediatric, congenital causes of 5-oxoprolinuria which not surprisingly involved defects in enzymes of the gamma-glutamyl cycle (in particular, mutations in glutathione synthetase and 5-oxoprolinase have been identified in these patients).
One specific class of the oral glucose-lowering drugs, SGLT-2i, is particularly interesting given their effects on glycemia, weight, and cardiovascular protection
The only approved oral GLP-1 drug is Rybelsus, a pill for type 2 diabetes from Novo Nordisk, the same company that makes semaglutide and sells it as Ozempic and Wegovy
Monomolecular dual- or triagonists that engage GLP-1R, the glucagon receptor (GCGR), and/or the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) extract additive metabolic and weight loss benefits over targeting the GLP-1R alone for the broad treatment of cardiometabolic disorders
If you see little specks or crystals, it could be contaminated