No side effects, allegedly
Background Despite decades of research, type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains a progressive global health challenge
The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 6(4), 275-286
Moreover, central administration of GIP upregulates hypothalamic mRNA expression of genes regulating food intake and metabolism, including arginine vasopressin ( Avp ), cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcripts ( Cart ), cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 ( Creb1 ), gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor, subunit delta ( Gabrd ), janus kinase 2 ( Jak2 ), mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 ( Mapk1 ), neuropeptide Y ( Npy ), oxytocin ( Oxt ), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 ( Stat3 ) and tyrosine hydroxylase ( Th ), which is not observed in whole-body GIPR KO mice 35
Accordingly, iron deficiency during various stages of brain development has detrimental consequences