This page does not identify a published human intervention trial establishing safety, pharmacokinetics, dosing, weight-loss efficacy, metabolic benefit, anti-aging activity, or NAD + enhancement in people
The following comparison summarizes the key considerations: For patients with intact GI absorption, oral high-dose supplementation (1,000 to 2,000 mcg daily) provides a convenient and cost-effective path to correcting deficiency
However, a significant gray zone exists between 200 and 300 pg/mL where patients may experience symptoms despite levels that appear technically normal
A blood test is the only reliable way to determine whether B12 deficiency is causing fatigue
They do not affect monoamine transporters