Gerstberger, S., Jiang, Q
Formulation alternatives may provide relief: Different tablet formulations with alternative inactive ingredients may be better tolerated Liquid preparations can be easier to tolerate and allow flexible dosing Intramuscular injections completely avoid the gastrointestinal tract and are particularly useful for those with absorption issues (such as pernicious anaemia or malabsorption) or persistent oral intolerance Review inactive ingredients: Examine the supplement label for potential irritants or allergens
B12 injections may be more effective when low energy is due to B12 deficiency or impaired nutrient absorption, while NAD+ may support cellular energy, metabolism, and overall vitality
pre- and post-operative treatment, when requirements are increased as in fever, severe burns, increased metabolism, pregnancy, gastrointestinal disorders interfering with intake or absorption of vitamins, prolonged or wasting diseases, alcoholism and where other deficiencies exist
Urate, Blood Pressure, and Cardiovascular Disease: Evidence From Mendelian Randomization and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials