Incretin-based medications and investigational drugs like Retatrutide are commonly associated with gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and reduced appetite
Other mechanisms of glucagon reduction include increased production of somatostatin, a potent glucagon inhibitor, in the delta cells of the pancreas which can exert a paracrine effect on alpha cells
Some early work has shown changes in fat-related processes
Absorption of D- and L-carnitine by the intestine and kidney tubule in the rat [PMID: 6722145] Laboratory literature summary: Absorption of D- and L-carnitine by the intestine and kidney tubule in the rat
conducted a study that revealed the accumulation of -KG within cells to be a catalyst for the promotion of oxidative stress in lymphoma cells, resulting in the generation of substantial quantities of ROS, elevated levels in ROS promote cellular iron death by instigating lipid peroxidation and TP53 activation [52]