[78] In other words, amphetamine induces competitive NET reuptake inhibition, TAAR1-mediated non-competitive reuptake inhibition and reverse transport at phosphorylated NET, CAMKII-mediated NET efflux independent of TAAR1, and norepinephrine release from VMAT2
Similarly, ROS also enhance inflammation through NF-B pathway activation, leading to IB degradation, NF-B nuclear translocation, and transcriptional upregulation of inflammatory mediators [93, 94]
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The proproliferative effects of GLP-1 RAs on gastrointestinal tissues have been questioned in preclinical studies, although their anti-inflammatory and metabolic properties suggest a protective role [40]
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