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Pharmacol Biochem Behav 46 : 423426 Moreau JL, Jenck F, Martin JR, Mortas P, Haefely WE

In rodent and limited human research, the reported effects include better attention, lower baseline anxiety, and improved sleep quality

The convergence of GLP-1 medication demand, specialty drug pipeline expansion, and post-pandemic utilization increases has created a cost environment that most employers havent seen in over a decade

H.DirksenC.Bojsen-MllerK

Several in vitro and in vivo results have expanded the role of these molecules from potentiating glucose-stimulated insulin secretion to promoting -cell survival under different stressful environments by favoring proliferation, neogenesis and resistance to apoptosis ( via secretion of IGF-2 from the same cells ( In agreement with experimental studies, GLP-1 analogues, particularly liraglutide, sustain the maintenance of -cell function in obese individuals with early T2D, and these effects are presumably independent of weight loss ( Further, experimental data suggest that the pro-survival action of GLP-1RAs may also be mediated by the Akt-dependent stimulation of the mTORC1/S6K1 pathway, the activation of which is dependent upon the IGF-1R, as observed in rodent islet cells ( in vitro , exendin-4 lost the ability to activate this pathway, suggesting that GLP-1 analogues may restore -cell proliferation via autocrine or paracrine activation of IGF-1R ( In concert, these results define a new scenario of action for incretin-based therapy that may involve the adipo-insular axis, linking the weight lowering competence with the sustained protection of -cells from diabetogenic stressors