superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase ROS production scavenging. SOD: dismutase; GPx: sod catalase and glutathione peroxidase

The residual fraction is real peptide but usually cannot be used, because a partial dose falls outside the schedule and because the reconstituted vial has a limited in-use window (below)

Oxidative stress analysis revealed that CMH@lip@Res-TCeO 2 significantly reduced ROS and MDA levels while enhancing the activities of SOD, GSH, and CAT (Fig.8F-G)

Both support the same biological endpoint -- higher intracellular glutathione -- at different points in the pathway (precursor supply vs direct delivery)

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The amount of glutathione in the sample may be low