Both are sold as supplements or cosmetics rather than drugs, so they avoid the regulatory issues of injectable peptides
Liraglutide treatment improved dysglycemia and insulin secretion and inhibited systematic and tissue inflammation in prediabetic mice
A peak serum concentration of 0.22 g/mL was observed 1 h after oral administration at a dose of 1.0 g/kg in a mouse model, while a peak concentration of 2.25 g/mL was recorded 0.25 h after intraperitoneal administration at the same dose (Pan et al., 1999)
Compared to that in vehicle-treated mice, tumor growth in mice treated with RNK06138 was robustly suppressed depending on the dose and frequency of treatment (tumor growth inhibition (TGI) from 67% (25 mpk, QW) to 77% (50 mpk, QW) and from 94% (25 mpk, BIW) to 103% (50 mpk, BIW), Fig
BPC-157 has been reported to upregulate VEGFR2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2) and activate the Akt-eNOS pathway, which raises nitric oxide production in blood-vessel walls (Hsieh et al., Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2017