Because they handle so much oxygen, mitochondria naturally generate ROS as a byproduct of energy production
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thus, the phenotype is manifest fully in males whereas female heterozygotes display varying degrees of G6PD deficiency, due to alternate X-chromosome inactivation 3,4
For 5-Amino-1MQ, this might include tracking changes in body weight, fat mass, glucose levels, insulin sensitivity, and markers of NAD+ metabolism
Glutathione peroxidase, an erythrocyte enzyme that protects hemoglobin from oxidative damage