The benzyl alcohol inhibits microbial growth, allowing the same vial of bacteriostatic water to be punctured and used multiple times across a 28-day window without compromising sterility
If you are on a microdosing protocol at 1 mg or 1.25 mg per dose, a 0.3 mL syringe gives you the most accurate draws

Access this chapter Subscribe and save Buy Now Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout Purchases are for personal use only Similar content being viewed by others Abbreviations AD: Alzheimers disease ALD: Alcoholic liver disease BBB: Bloodbrain barrier BHA: Butylated hydroxyanisole BHT: Butylated hydroxytoluene CKD: Chronic kidney disease CNS: Central nervous system COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CVD: Cardiovascular disease DHA: Docosahexaenoic acid DILI: Drug-induced liver disease EPA: Eicosapentaenoic acid GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease GIT: Gastrointestinal tract HIE: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease IBS: Irritable bowel syndrome LDL: Low-density lipoprotein NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease PD: Parkinsons disease PG: Propyl gallate ROS: Reactive oxygen species References Aarsland D, Batzu L, Halliday GM, Geurtsen GJ, Ballard C, Ray Chaudhuri K, Weintraub D (2021) Parkinson disease-associated cognitive impairment [Erratum in: Nat Rev Dis Primers 2021 Jul 13;7(1):53]

Shorter studies (single dose or 1 month) have generally shown little to no effect [1][12]
Potential Interactions with Other Medications One of the great things about B12 is that its a water-soluble vitamin, meaning your body simply excretes what it doesnt need