The main source of H 2 O 2 generation in pneumococci is the enzyme pyruvate oxidase, which catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to the phosphoryl donor, acetyl phosphate (Ac-P), while releasing CO 2 and H 2 O 2 as by-products ( 2 O 2 overlap and complement those of pneumolysin in modulating the host immune responses and promoting organ injury ( 2 O 2 , prevents the release of pneumolysin in some pneumococcal strains, indicating the involvement of intracellular, rather than secreted H 2 O 2 in this process ( 2 O 2 -mediated downregulation of Protein kinase B (Akt1) and activation of lymphocyte-specific tyrosine protein kinase (Lck) via H 2 O 2 -mediated phosphorylation ( Dual role of NOX2 in pneumococcal pneumonia While there has been a focus on the pathogens causing pneumonia in recent years , there is an urgent need for research from the perspective of the host, especially in order to develop strategies to protect lung barrier function and alveolar fluid clearance

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Biochemistry of Seleno-GPxs The X-ray crystallographic structure describing the catalytic motif of bovine GPx1 was reported in early 1980s by Wendel and coworkers [11, 12]