VD mainly includes vitamin D2 (VD2) and vitamin D3 (VD3), which exert their effects through the expression of VD receptors in the skeletal muscle, controlling serum calcium levels to directly influence muscle contraction and reduce exercise-induced apoptosis of muscle cells, thereby enhancing muscle strength
10.1007/s12017-012-8199-5 105 LonnemannN.HosseiniS.MarchettiC.SkourasD
Shen Chuen Khaw 1, Zhen Zhe Wong 2, Richard Anderson 3, Sarah Martins da Silv l-carnitine and l-acetylcarnitine supplementation for idiopathic male infertility National Library of Medicine, 2020 Dec 23;1(1):67-81
However, translating these findings faces challenges, including a narrow therapeutic window, patient heterogeneity, and the need to balance efficacy with safety concerning systemic iron and lipid metabolism
The quantification of total polyphenol content was carried out using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, expressed as milligrams of gallic acid equivalent per gram of dried plant material (mg GAE/g) according to the gallic acid standard