Glutathione (L-g-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine, GSH) is a hydrosoluble tripeptide, an important molecule containing thiol residues that are responsible for its antioxidant property ( Moreover, as a result of the winemaking process in wineries, one ton of grapes generates approximately 0.06t of lees ( In S.cerevisiae , genes involved in GSH production and regulation are well-known, as is the biological role of GSH
37 Indeed, GLP-1R is present beyond the confines of the pancreas and extends to a multitude of organs and tissues throughout the body
It exacerbates hepatic steatosis with inflammation and fibrosis
Recent advances have focused on overcoming the limitations of PEGylation, often referred to as the PEG dilemma, where the PEG layer extending circulation time can hinder cellular uptake at the target site
Both the mRNA and protein levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 were significantly elevated in the DAPA-treated si-Nrf2 mice compared with the si-Nrf2 group (Fig