When introduced into cell cultures at nanomolar concentrations, GHK-Cu has been observed to impact various biological responses, ranging from stimulation of cell growth to induction of cell differentiation
The titration protocol exists because GLP-1 receptor agonists cause gastrointestinal side effects, primarily nausea, that are dose-dependent
The final cell suspensions were analyzed by flow cytometry to test the intensity of DCFH-DA fluorescence at excitation and emission wavelengths of 480 nm and 530 nm, respectively
AF was the most potent inhibitor of TGR, with IC 50 values in the low nanomolar range
It has been widely studied for its association with tissue repair processes involving muscles, tendons, ligaments, and gastrointestinal tissue