semaglutide blood brain barrier uptake pharmacokinetics of incretin receptor agonists showing promise as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease therapeutics GLP-1 and the Degenerating Brain:

Zang, L., Baharlooeian, M., Terasawa, M., Shimada, Y

Abbreviations AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein ALT: Alanine transaminase Apo B: Apolipoproteins B Apo-A1: Apolipoproteins A-1 AST: Aspartate aminotransferase A-T: Ataxia-telangiectasia ATM: Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated BMI: Body mass index CVDs: Cardiovascular diseases FAPESP: So Paulo Research Foundation GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase GPx: Glutathione peroxidase activity H/A: Height for age HD: Heart disease HDL-c: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol HOMA-IR: Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance IEI: Inborn errors of immunity IQ: Interqartile interval IVIG: Intravenous immunoglobulin LDL-c: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol LDLox: Oxidized LDL MDA: Malondialdehyde MUAC: Mid-upper arm circumference NCEP: National Cholesterol Education Program NFkB: Nuclear transcription factor NHDL-c: Non-HDL-c ROS: Reactive oxygen species Se: Selenium TC: Total cholesterol TG: Triglycerides us-CRP: Ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein VLDL-c: Very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol References Cardoso BR, Ganio K, Roberts BR

was supported by a SALK-grant from the government of Flanders and by an Odysseus-grant of the Research Foundation Flanders, Belgium (FWO)

The 2023 systematic review in Clinical Gastroenterology found that gastroparesis symptoms in GLP-1 users often persisted even after dose reduction or discontinuation, suggesting potential permanent damage to gastric neuromuscular function

After one-step purification using protein A affinity chromatography, this expressed Exendin-4-Fc was used in subsequent experiments