Requirements of vitamin B 12 in excess of normal (due to pregnancy, thyrotoxicosis, hemolytic anemia, hemorrhage, malignancy, hepatic and renal disease) can usually be met with intranasal or oral supplementation
Notable developments include identification of HLA-B35:01 genetic susceptibility for hepatotoxicity (241), establishment of regulatory limits based on pharmacogenetic data, and documentation of serious adverse drugnutrient interactions in vulnerable populations
This stability contributes to its effectiveness whether administered orally or via injection, though injectable forms offer superior bioavailability for targeted tissue repair
Wang J, Zhou Y, Zhang D, Zhao W, Lu Y, Liu C, et al
Note they didnt consult a psychiatrist despite the link between low B12 and poor mental health being discovered over a hundred years ago