Biochemically, the cobalt center can take part in both two-electron and one-electron reductive processes to access the "reduced" (B 12r , +2 oxidation state) and "super-reduced" (B 12s , +1 oxidation state) forms
Retinoids increase collagen (which provides structure), slow its breakdown (by blocking certain enzymes), speed up cell turnover, improve rough skin texture, and even out skin tone
First injection should be administered by a healthcare professional
Neal EG, Zupec-Kania B, et al
Whether youre looking to brighten your complexion, fight off dullness, or simply give your skin a hydration boost, Clinic Dermatech provides a safe, comfortable environment for your treatment