This occurs through sulfation, glucuronidation, and glutathione conjugation of toxins
First, the vast majority of available data derives from animal studies, and extrapolation to human applications may not be straightforward due to species differences in physiology and drug metabolism
Although the liver is effective in Phase 1 & 2 chemical processes, overtaxing the system at any point via excessive use of alcohol, unhealthy foods or environmental exposure results in more detox byproducts than can be eliminated from the body
Rodent models using a different toxin to induce PD-like phenomena also exhibited enteric glial changes in the form of reduced immunoreactivity to GFAP and S100B, mitochondrial dysfunction, and production of pro-inflammatory mediators [89, 90]
Proper reconstitution and storage practices contribute significantly to the accuracy and reliability of research results.