Studies show that the transcription factor FOXO4 plays a protective role in senescent cells by maintaining the protein p53 in a sequestrated state within nuclear structures, thereby inhibiting its ability to initiate apoptosis
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Taking into account the existing research on the mechanism of action of VD in epilepsy, we present a concise overview of the following antiepileptic mechanisms associated with VD: down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines expression, inhibition of the neuroinflammatory, regulation of calcium channels and calcium-binding proteins (CBP), up-regulation of neurotrophins expression, attenuation of BBB disruption, protection of the intestinal mucosal barrier, and modulation of the gut microbiota (Fig
Kaposi-Novak et al., 2006)
Together, the primary biological function of GPxs is to protect organelles, cells, and tissues from peroxides (inorganic/organic)-mediated oxidative stress