The inflammatory markers monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF- ), were reduced by treatment with exendin-4 in response to lipopolysaccharide in cultured peritoneal macrophages harvested from mice [65]
Avoid areas with scar tissue, moles, or skin irritation
Zhang W, Nuki G, Moskowitz RW, Abramson S, Altman RD, Arden NK, Bierma-Zeinstra S, Brandt KD, Croft P, Doherty M, Dougados M, Hochberg M, Hunter DJ, Kwoh K, Lohmander LS, Tugwell P (2010) OARSI recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis: part III: changes in evidence following systematic cumulative update of research published through January 2009
Midi Health
doi: 10.1039/d0bm00713g