But maintaining weight loss after transitioning off GLP-1s requires improving the systems that regulate hunger, energy, muscle mass, blood sugar, recovery, hormones, inflammation, and metabolic flexibility
The total human evidence base, as of this writing, consists of the following: 1) a Phase I safety trial of 42 healthy volunteers that was registered in 2015, canceled in 2016, and never published, 2) a retrospective case series of 12 patients with knee pain, no control group, and no validated outcome measure, and 3) a 2025 pilot safety study involving two healthy adults who received intravenous infusions at a single private clinic in Florida
Because they target the brains reward centre, the mesolimbic system, they apparently do not just stop food noise but inadvertently the quiet joy found elsewhere
Accessibility plays a role too: there are roughly 270,000 tennis courts across the U.S., most of them free and open to the public
Intarcia has walked a troubled regulatory path with ITCA 650, suffering two FDA rejections for ITCA 650