Numerous studies have investigated the expression patterns of endogenous GLP-1 and GLP-1R in the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system, with a consensus that these are expressed on neurons and found in most areas of the brain and gutbrain axis 2
Smoking, using mouthwash with alcohol, or consuming hot beverages shortly before dosing can all affect the oral mucosa
As an injected medication, it can also cause pain, irritation, and redness around the injection site
Additionally, by enhancing nitric oxide utilization, glycine contributes to heart protection, reducing the risk of heart disease and promoting healthy arteries
However, this has not translated into increased cardiovascular risk