Acral ischaemia Ischaemia of the tips of the fingers or toes due to the obstruction of terminal arteries
Metformin, commonly used in diabetes management, has been associated with reduced vitamin B12 absorption, potentially through effects on calcium-dependent vitamin B12-intrinsic factor absorption in the terminal ileum
Accumulation of ethanol-associated reactive molecules, e.g., reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS), and electrophilic products, e.g., acetaldehyde and lipid peroxidation-derived products, can be harmful to biological systems due to their propensity to inactivate enzymes, leading to loss of protein function, DNA damage and cell death 4
Effects of dexmedetomidine pretreatment, posttreatment, and whole-course pumping on myocardial damage during cardiac valve replacement
IV (weeks 156 to 190)