They are prepared by pharmacists rather than manufactured in FDA-inspected industrial facilities (FDA, 2024)
As the intake of RSs can improve the production of SCFAs from gut bacterial fermentation, SCFAs, key colonic metabolites of RSs, act as signaling molecules to regulate appetite and maintain glucose metabolic homeostasis by upregulating proglucagon and pro-peptide YY (PYY) gene expression, increasing the levels of plasma glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and PYY, two gut secreted hormones (90)
Highmark (Pennsylvania, West Virginia, New York, Delaware) Highmark, which operates across four states, implemented coverage changes that affected a broad geographic footprint
I continue or optimize standard HS treatments, including biologics where indicated, while the GLP-1 agent works on the metabolic side of the equation
Metabolites from the GM can exert effects independently or through pathways involving host metabolism, thereby contributing to either the maintenance of health or the progression of disease (7), such as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) (8)