Use numbing creams or ice: Applying a numbing cream or ice to the injection site before administering the injection can help reduce pain and discomfort
The mechanisms associated with the development of MI and stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes include insulin resistance, increased formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), activation of protein kinase C isoforms, over activity of the hexose amine pathway, vascular calcification, an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased nitric oxide availability, endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory cytokine activation, increased vascular stiffness, platelet activation, an increased risk of thrombosis, and an increase in plasma and blood viscosity as well as autonomic dysfunction [23, 24]
Its use is strictly limited to in vitro laboratory work (like cell cultures) or preclinical in vivo studies in animal models
Science, 364 , 6438
These older GLP-1 drugs remain in use but have been largely overtaken by semaglutide and tirzepatide in new prescriptions