A cross-sectional report from the Oxford Aging Project found that the 80th percentile for MMA was 350 nmol/l among people age 65 years (Clarke, 2003)
Medical Conditions, Surgeries, and Medications Lack of intrinsic factor (a protein made in the stomach thats needed for B12 absorption) - this condition is called pernicious anemia Thyroid disease HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) Autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes, where the immune system in the body attacks its own tissues Gastric bypass surgery (weight loss surgery) Chronic gastritis surgery Certain medications like heartburn drugs (proton pump inhibitors) which reduce stomach acid production Who Is At Risk of Vitamin B12 Deficiency
The top six highest recommended anti-aging treatments in 2020 include CoolSculpting, micro-needling with SkinPen, dermal fillers, laser skin resurfacing with ActiveFX, Kybella, and Thermage
Testing MTHFR and other relevant genetic markers can identify these individuals, though routine genetic testing for b12 supplementation decisions remains controversial
Minoxidil has controlled human clinical evidence supporting its use for androgenetic alopecia