Vitamin B12, also called cobalamin, is the generic name for a group of compounds having vitamin B12 activity
"When the vein is overworked from having to push blood up the body against gravity, the valves seals become leaky and blood is allowed to go backward, leading to the vein becoming enlarged." This explains why varicose veins almost always occur on the legs because when we're standing or sitting, our veins have to work against gravity to do their job
However, presumably to accommodate ()-catechin ( 12 ), the active site is substantially enlarged by a shift of the 4 and 4 helices by up to 1.71 (Fig
the peptide-copper complex stimulates collagen production, accelerates wound healing and tissue contraction, and exerts anti-inflammatory effects across skin and other tissues
Biochemistry 47 , 54655479 (2008)